Cholangiopancreatoscopy.

The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) Technology Committee provides reviews of existing, new, or emerging endoscopic technologies that have an impact on the practice of GI endoscopy. Evidence-based methods are used, with a MEDLINE literature search to identify pertinent clinical studies on the topic and a MAUDE (U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health) database search to identify the reported adverse events of a given technology. Both are supplemented by accessing the related articles feature of PubMed and by scrutinizing pertinent references cited by the identified studies. Controlled clinical trials are emphasized, but in many cases data from randomized controlled trials are lacking. In such cases, large case series, preliminary clinical studies, and expert opinions are used. Technical data are gathered from traditional and Web-based publications, proprietary publications, and informal communications with pertinent vendors. Technology Status Evaluation Reports are drafted by 1 or 2members of the ASGE Technology Committee, reviewed and edited by the committee as a whole, and approved by the Governing Board of the ASGE. When financial guidance is indicated, the most recent coding data and list prices at the time of publication are provided. For this review the MEDLINE database was searched through January 2015 for articles related to cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy by using the key words “choledochoscopy,” “cholangioscopy,” cholangiopancreatoscopy,” and “pancreatoscopy” paired with “bile duct stones/calculi,” “intrahepatic stones/calculi,” “intrahepatic biliary strictures,” “percutaneous,” “intraoperative,” “pancreatic duct stones/ calculi,” “pancreatitis,” “biliary disease,” “primary sclerosing cholangitis,” and “intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm/tumor.” Technology Status Evaluation Reports are scientific reviews provided solely for educational and